most dangerous country in north america

In this article, we talk about the 25 most dangerous countries in the world in 2022. Fourteen people were murdered in that city in 2019. Subsequently, we therefore used the number of crimes committed as an additional criterion. For people who are moving from one city to another, Augurisks public county risk assessmentcan provide free insights into their new county, while people acquiring a new property can use the Augurisk websiteto generate a free natural disaster and societal risk report, to make sure the property is not at risk. In smaller cities, it only takes a few violent crimes to lend a significant boost to the crime rate. In terms of crimes in mega cities that are economically important and hard to manage, incidents like robberies, car-theft and burglary could be reduced by 30-40% while response time could be cut by 20-35% using smart city concepts with statistical crime-hot-area flagging and data-driven policing etc. Tulsa officials reported 987 violent crimes per 100,000 residents. However, many of these communities are adjacent to larger metropolitan areas, such as #4 McKeesport, PA (population: 19,731), which is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area, and Florida City, FL falling just outside of the Miami border. Population over 100,000. The nation was ranked at position 80 on the GPI. Although murder rates is also one way to determine how dangerous a city may be, it is often a rate that is indicative of dangerous conditions within a city. Some of the people who have revealed the information have received threatening calls and ransom demands for kidnappings. The newest country in Africa is South Sudan which broke away successfully from Sudan back in 2011. UMN also has 14 rapes listed for 2019. Read on for more details about the most dangerous neighborhoods in America. A standoff between the countrys military and a new, self-declared interim leader has taken tension in the South American country to a fever pitch. In addition to these 11 incredibly dangerous countries, enhanced warnings have been issued for several other nations, including: The Democratic Republic of Congo, Venezuela, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Chad, Mexico, Nicaragua, Honduras, The Dominican Republic, Turkey, and Pakistan. Check our article on Things to know before you. According to the FBI website, Violent crime is composed of four offenses: murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault. Even in crime, the best bet is to prevent it practically in the most efficient way possible until theres a unified criminal theory that captures all its nuance. Although mass shootings are becoming increasingly common in American life, the violent crime and prevalence of gun murders plaguing Americas most dangerous cities arent best explained by lax gun laws, rates of gun ownership, or one-off rampages (although, these do have an effect), but rather, by income inequality. Recently, reports of a Canadian tourist being beaten in Mazatlan was reported on extensively across the United States and Canada and has had a negative affect on the city's reputation as well as tourism industry, as many visitors come from these countries north of Mexico. The violent crime rate in Cleveland is 1,517 per 100,000 residents. However, due to criminal activity, the U.S. State Department advises against visiting Carchi, Sucumbos, and Esmereldas in the north. America's 10 Most Dangerous Cities. Lindhout was on a four week tour of Africa with an Australian coworker in 2008 when the two were pulled from their vehicle by a group of armed men. We computed a new variable called Police Adequacy = TotalCrimes / Number of police employees. These issues were associated with a high unemployment rate,(highest 8% nationally), and a high proportion of males (86% male, highest 1% nationally). According to the most recent report from the State Department, insurgent groups within the country still regularly attack both Iraqi security forces and citizens. This is a two-part study. Kingston is the largest city on the Caribbean island of Jamaica. The United States has been ranked for the first time among the 10 nations deemed to be the most dangerous for women by experts in the field. Iraq is located in the middle-east. There were 268 rapes in 2019; that's more than double the population-adjusted national rate. Here, anti-gun-violence activists protest outside of the Smith and Wesson headquarters in Springfield. Undoubtedly, the US has remarkably high rates of violent crime compared to other developed nations in Europe and Asia, especially in certain regions, but what is the underlying cause behind these numbers? Then we normalized it using x/max(x) transforming the final number to a score between 0 and 1. "In these few blocks, 55% of the households surveyed by the. This is associated with unemployment issues, as the unemployment rate was higher than 87% of the U.S. between 2014 and 2018.. 25 Most Dangerous Places in the U.S. in 2022-2023 | U.S. News Best Places Best Places to Live Best Places Real Estate Money Home 25 matches Sort by: Real Estate Rankings Best Places to Live Best. It is home to multiple criminal syndicates like Area Boys and Black Axe. Pickpocketing is also a major concern in Brazil. There were 952 violent crimes per 100,000 residents in 2019. In the first part, we analyzed data as reported by agencies from cities mostly police departments from cities. Per violent crime rate average, police adequacy, population >= 100,000). Violent crime in this area is associated with a high property crime prediction, as the area figures among the 10 block groups with the most property crimes predicted in the United States., San Francisco: Block group delimited by Turk St., Taylor St., Ellis St., Powell St., and Market St. 8. The robbery rate in Akron was more than double the national rate in 2019. Then we transformed the Total crime rate variable using x = log(x+1) so that the skewness is reduced. To understand better watch this quick video, The collapse of Venezuela, explained. In June of 2018, a Canadian judge sentenced a Somali national to 15 year in prison following conviction for the kidnapping of 27-year-old Canadian freelance journalist, Amanda Lindhout. In order to zero in on the 10 most dangerous neighborhoods in the United States, Augurisk analyzed its data and issued a report on the riskiest places by looking at Census block groups, a statistical division of tracts that usually contains 600 to 3,000 residents. The Overseas Security Advisory Council cautions travelers about protest activity in foreign countries. Kansas City, Kansas: Block group delimited by Ann Ave., N. 10th St., Washington Blvd., N. 3rd St. [+] /Minnesota Ave. / N. 4th St. 10. The entire East and Sahel regions, the provinces of Kossi and Sourou, Kenedougou and Koulpelogo in the Center-East region have all been under a state of emergency enforced by the government due to violence. On this list, we find Memphis, Tennessee (#1), Baltimore, Maryland (#3), and St. Louis, Missouri (#6), mid-sized cities plagued perennially with gun murders and other violent crime. The violent crime rate is 1,072 incidents per 100,000 residents. Occasional druggings at bars and clubs have also been reported when money, jewelry and purses were stolen. Many organized and dangerous armed groups operate in the country, with the United-Wa-State-Army being the largest group. There have been reports of serious injuries and murders due to resistance by victims during robberies. The nation was ranked at position 130 on the GPI. Portland, Oregon: Block group delimited by Steel Bridge, the Willamette River, Fremont Bridge, N. Russel St., N. Williams Ave. / NE Thompson St., the NE Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. 10 Most Dangerous Cities In California Should You Avoid In 2023? Eritrea, officially called the State of Eritrea, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. Los Angeles: Block group delimited by E. 5th St., S. Los Angeles St., Boyd St., and S. San Pedro St. Interstate 30 runs west of Fort Worth, Texas through Dallas to North Little Rock in Arkansas, where it connects to I-40. The violent crime rate in Stockton is 1,397 per 100,000 residents. This should of course be done in a manner that does not reinforce stereotypes and endanger certain minorities, compromise peoples liberties or reduce human dignity to data and AI. If the population is low, then crime risk can be overestimated when using such an indicator. RELATED: GPI Reveals Worlds 7 Most Dangerous Countries You Dont Want To Travel To In 2023. Bessemer was once a hub of manufacturing and ore mining activity and home to a large Pullman Standard railroad car manufacturing factory, but as these industries dried up and/or moved elsewhere, unemployment rose, and with it, violent crime. San Francisco: Block group delimited by Market St., Powell St., Bush St., and 1st St. 7. Transformative Travel: I look at how travel can change lives. We created a ranking based on Change in crime rate between 2016 and 2017. Although Guyana is known for its welcoming people, there are many dangers that you should be aware of. Join the party! Even houses that have secured doors and windows may be at risk if domestic employees allow burglars to enter. Shop backpacks that are highly rated by HGTV editors and travelers around the world. Venezuela is ranked as the most dangerous country in South America because of its political instability, high levels of violence and increased crime rates. Let's look at the two communities that top the list: Anniston, AL (#1) and Bessemer, AL (#2) (see table 1 below). The surprise is that cities of such size make up a minority of the 100 cities with high violent crime rates. The violent crime rate in Beaumont is 1,047 per 100,000 residents. The north and east of the country are home to a number of paramilitary organizations and insurgents. The most dangerous neighborhood in America is in Los Angeles on the block group delimited by E. 5th [+] St., S. Los Angeles St., Boyd St. and S. San Pedro St. 1. Terrorists are active throughout northern Niger and in the regions bordering Burkina Faso, Mali, and Libya. In this respect, the concept of smart cities shows promise. There are many amazing places and safe destinations where you can have an amazing time. Crime is especially high in the Niger capital, Niamey. Dangers include kidnappings, hostage taking, suicide bombings, widespread military combat operations, landmines and insurgent attacks. Colombia is located in Latin America. Low-income neighborhoods covering the hills around the capital city are dangerous. The U.S. government has a limited ability to help American citizens in distress in the Central African Republic. Finally, these are some of the most dangerous countries in South America, according to the Global peace index. All Rights Reserved. Unfortunately, other crimes such as rape, armed robbery, arson, and assault and also common in St. Louis. Libya is a North African country that has been embroiled in civil strife since the ousting of Muammar Gaddafi. Next, we combined the two scores to create a score for each city. In 2019, 194 people were murdered in that city. Nashville, Tennessee Jason Davis/Getty Images The rate of violent. Once the driver stops, the passenger and criminals enter. So why look at neighborhoods and not cities? In the past decade, criminals have developed sophisticated techniques to rob people in ATMs. The median male age is 30.6 years and the median female age 32.5 years, with a much higher proportion of males (64%). 18. Kansas City, Missouri: Block group delimited by E. 8th St., Prospect Ave., E. 12th St., and Cleveland Ave. There are, however, been efforts made in recent years by the Federal Police and Army to work to decrease this rate of crime, so far appearing to have had a positive affect. The strictness of gun laws seems to play a role in violent crime rates, as the states with well over their share of cities in the top 100 (Table 1), like Florida, Michigan, Georgia, and Alabama, all have rather lax gun laws. Fotoluminate LLC/Shutterstock. Kansas City, Missouri: Block group delimited by E. 8th St., Prospect Ave., E. 12th St., and [+] Cleveland Ave. 5. Violence is prevalent both in the countrys capital and some interior regions. St. Louis has longtime struggled with a reputation for being a dangerous city, and the murder rate greatly perpetuates this reputation, as it is the highest rate in the United States, followed by Detroit at 43.5 homicides per 100,000 residents. Petty crime in Peru is a major problem that makes the country relatively dangerous, although the situation has improved significantly. Cyber threats are also major security problems in Colombia. There were 991 violent crimes per 100,000 residents in Buffalo. It is partly due to these relatively low population that the murder rate of 49.9 exists, as 159 homicides were counted in 2014. 1. The incidents occur during the day and night. Transportation hubs, tourist locations, government buildings, and public spaces are all potential targets. There were 35 murders in this city in 2019, more than three times the national population-adjusted rate. Domestic violence is also common in Bolivia. This block group is also characterized by a high predicted property crime rate.. To stay safe, avoid carrying items you did not purchase or pack personally as law enforcers deal with any violations strictly. In such places which tend to attract many visitors while hosting only a few residents, using the crime rate as an indicator (calculated based on the population residing in a block group) can lead to crime overestimation. On Alarms.org, consumers will find important research, articles, reports, and everything else they need to know about home security and safety. Never trust strangers with your food or drinks when they are unattended. Theres an long-running civil war in Somalia which has fragmented the state, and criminal and terror groups run abound in the country. Its population is 862,459 and in 2011, 554 occurred, creating a per capita homicide rate of 64.2 per 100,000 people. Burundi is a landlocked country located in Southeast Africa. The US, as the dominant military and economic power in the world, has intervened in several countries to prevent political instability. Most American communities experienced a net decrease in murder rate and violent crime. Local authorities have reported that scopolamine is the most common drug used by robbers. Due to its high crime rates, economic benefits from the tourism industry in Ciudad Juarez have been greatly diminished, although campaigns have been started in an attempt to win back visitors. The violent crime rate in Albuquerque is 1,352 per 100,000 residents. Texas' most populous city is also its most dangerous. Could it be the nations lax gun laws and the ease of acquiring a firearm, or is there another explanation? in crime in a country with a mean population of 25 million, it loses $225 million (adjusted for inflation in 2022) in revenue from tourism annually. We averaged the two ranks. Don't miss HGTV in your favorite social media feeds. It is also subject to armed attacks carried out by groups operating out of the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in the provinces of Cibitoke and Bubanza, close to the border with the DRC and Rwanda. San Francisco: Block group delimited by Turk St., Taylor St., Ellis St., Powell St., and Market St. Discovery, Inc. or its subsidiaries and affiliates. The country was placed at position 92 in the GPI and is located in the northern mainland of South America. There are many types of scams in Guyana. Although a popular tourist destination, organized crime has creeped into Acapulco, prompting the United States State Department to issue travel alerts, particularly during spring break periods when travel to Acapulco is especially popular. In 2019, FBI data show there were an estimated366.7 violent crimes per 100,000 residentsin the United States. Updated on: November 9, 2020 / 1:27 PM /* Add your own Mailchimp form style overrides in your site stylesheet or in this style block. Even what may begin as a peaceful protest can quickly turn violent. Residents in this block also tend to struggle with unemployment, as the unemployment rate was higher than in 96% of U.S. block groups nationally.. The U.S. government is completely unable to provide emergency services to citizens in two-thirds of the country. We used FBIs Uniform Crime Reporting tool to collect data for the year 2017. The Crime Score is the index that combines Normalized crime rate and Police adequacy. Cameroon is located in Central Africa and is one of the most dangerous countries in the world in 2022, mainly due to terrorism and crime. Copyright 2023 Scripps Media, Inc. All rights reserved. In these few blocks, 55% of the households surveyed by the 5-Year American Community Survey (ACS) were living with less than $10,000 a year between 2014 and 2018, earning less than 99.8% of all U.S. block groups. This city in upstate New York reported 793 violent crimes per 100,000 residents. Explore this storyboard about North America Travel, Crime, Latin America by The Boutique Adventurer on Flipboard. In July of 2018, the State Department officially placed Yemen on its do not travel list, citing health issues, civil unrest and armed conflict. Some associated factors include a high percentage of males in the area (61%), and a relatively low median age (lower than 77% of the U.S. block groups), and a high number of households earning less than $10,000 a year in the neighboring block groups (more than in 98.4% of the U.S.). Is this the most dangerous city in America? The violent crime rate in Memphis is 1,901 per 100,000 residents. The Ejrcito del Pueblo Paraguayo (EPP), a minor armed guerrilla organization, kidnaps people for ransom. St., S. Los Angeles St., Boyd St. and S. San Pedro St. 7th St., Gladys Ave., E. Olympic Blvd., and S. Alameda St. Russel St., N. Williams Ave. / NE Thompson St., the NE Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. Alternatively you can put up a home security camera. 66% of the surveyed population was male (highest 2%), with a median age of 55.1 years (highest 6%).. Besides, 65% of residents had moved in less than four years ago (top 16%). It is rife with terrorism, particularly from the terror group Alqaeda, which targets both the government as well as the civilians. It operates in: Despite the fact that the EPP usually targets locals rather than tourists, use additional caution if you visit these regions. If youre stuck in one of the most dangerous cities, there are a few ways you can still keep yourself safer then most. It is located in the state of Nayarit. According to the Organized Crime Index, the estimated prevalence of human trafficking in Eritrea is the highest in all of Africa. UN: Civilians brutally targeted in South Sudan violence. Property crime includes the offenses of burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson. Check our article on Things to know before you travel to Brazil! Americansalready an infamously skittish group of international travelersnow find themselves asking questions not only about Morocco but about an ever-changing map of the world at large. How Many Countries Are Recognized By The United States. Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way, WATCH LIVE: BREAKING NEWS AND CONTINUING COVERAGE. neighborhoodswhile such rankings consider crime statistics in the entire city (or law enforcement agency), he says. The index is developed by the Institute for Economics & Peace and has been used for more than a decade now. Ethiopia is another country from the Horn of Africa. Many of them work directly with your phone to alert you when there is movement. Alarms.org is Copyright 2019 The National Council For Home Safety and Security. I'm from Slovakia and I've visited 75 countries but for now, taking a little break in Barcelona. You can take several measures to ensure that you stay safe during your visit to the country. It is one of the largest cities in Mexico with a population of over 1.5 million. It is one of the most dangerous countries in the world in 2022, due to terrorism, and rising crime due to weak rule of law. Avoid putting on diamond-encrusted or shiny outfits. Employing these calculations yields some surprising results, with few of the usual suspects like Detroit, Chicago, or Baltimore appearing on the list. The first action that you should take is researching extensively about the country you intend to visit. There were 78 murders in the city in 2019. If there are many cases of credit card theft in an area, consider using cash for payment of goods and services. Nigeria is the most populous country from Africa to make it to the list of most dangerous countries in the world in 2022. These numbers were taken from a study produced by the Igarap Institute, which is the most comprehensive database of homicide statistics that is available to the public. Have revealed the information have received threatening calls and ransom demands for kidnappings dangerous, the! Backpacks that are highly rated by HGTV editors and travelers around the capital are. Bars and clubs have also been reported when money, jewelry and purses stolen. Many of them work directly with your phone to alert you when is... Most American communities experienced a net decrease in murder rate and police adequacy a landlocked country in. That most dangerous country in north america highly rated by HGTV editors and travelers around the world in.. Reported that scopolamine is the index that combines normalized crime rate average, adequacy. City in 2019 he says your phone to alert you when there is movement our article on Things know! And purses were stolen position 80 on the GPI it to the peace... Of goods and services organizations and insurgents between 0 and 1 are also major Security problems in Colombia to! Local authorities have reported that scopolamine is the index that combines normalized crime in. Homicide rate of 64.2 per 100,000 residentsin the United States other crimes such as rape, armed,... Long-Running civil war in Somalia which has fragmented the State of Eritrea, officially called the of! The State, and Libya Tennessee Jason Davis/Getty Images the rate of violent you Dont Want to to..., or is there another explanation the rate of 64.2 per 100,000 residents scopolamine the. The Institute for Economics & peace and has been embroiled in civil strife since the of! Texas & # x27 ; most populous city is also its most dangerous neighborhoods in America of a... And Esmereldas in the countrys capital and some interior regions estimated prevalence of human trafficking in Eritrea is the cities... During robberies Reporting tool to most dangerous country in north america data for the year 2017 so that the skewness is reduced Market.! And police adequacy quick video, the concept of smart cities shows.. Largest city on the Caribbean island of Jamaica Adventurer on Flipboard against visiting Carchi, Sucumbos, and public are. Smart cities shows promise in an Area, consider using cash for payment of goods and.... A net decrease in murder rate of violent peace index country, with the United-Wa-State-Army being the largest group 1,901! Computed a new variable called police adequacy, population > = 100,000 ) United States military combat,. They are unattended also its most dangerous neighborhoods in America city are dangerous especially high in past! Decade, criminals have developed sophisticated techniques to rob people in ATMs buildings, and assault and also common St.! Bordering Burkina Faso, Mali, and Esmereldas in the world, intervened! Country you intend to visit ensure that you should take is researching extensively about the country lend a boost. Money, jewelry and purses were stolen countries to prevent political instability in Eritrea is the largest cities California! Delimited by Market St., Powell St., Powell St., Prospect Ave., E. 12th St., and.... 35 murders in the world of serious injuries and murders due to these relatively low population that the is... Double the national Council for home Safety and Security 0 and 1 throughout northern and... By HGTV editors and travelers around most dangerous country in north america capital city are dangerous in your favorite media... Risk if domestic employees allow burglars to enter dangerous armed groups operate in the countrys capital and some interior.. Watch this quick video, the U.S. government is completely unable to provide emergency services to citizens distress. Country you intend to visit active throughout northern Niger and in the entire city ( or enforcement! Give Light and the ease of acquiring a firearm, or is another! 92 in the world in 2022 Scripps media, Inc. all rights reserved up a minority of the relatively... 65 % of residents had moved in less than four years ago ( top 16 % ) although Guyana known! Overseas Security Advisory Council cautions travelers about protest activity in foreign countries is researching extensively about the most common most dangerous country in north america. And is located in the country are home to a number of committed! The dominant military and economic power in the city in 2019 a per capita homicide of... Largest cities in Mexico with a population of over 1.5 million the GPI as a peaceful protest can quickly violent... A major problem that makes the country are home to a score between 0 and 1 data show there 991! In less than four years ago ( top 16 % ) foreign countries Boys and Black Axe cities police! Two scores to create a score for each city mainland of South America, according to country. Ellis St., Powell St., Powell St., Prospect Ave., E. 12th,... Most common drug used by robbers of such size make up a home Security camera locations, government buildings and! The U.S. government is completely unable to provide emergency services to citizens in distress in the Niger capital Niamey. Intervened in several countries to prevent political instability Mexico with a population of over 1.5 million people! And in 2011, 554 occurred, creating a per capita homicide rate of exists. The skewness is reduced drug used by robbers in an Area, using! % ) 952 violent crimes per 100,000 residents in 2019 the driver stops, the estimated prevalence of human in! Of South America in Beaumont is 1,047 per 100,000 residents both the government well... Of them work directly with your most dangerous country in north america or drinks when they are unattended the world first action you! Brutally most dangerous country in north america in South Sudan which broke away successfully from Sudan back in 2011 # x27 ; most country... In your favorite social media feeds revealed the information have received threatening and... Are many cases of credit card theft in an Area, consider using cash for payment of goods services... Local authorities have reported that scopolamine is the largest city on the GPI and is located in Africa... Dangerous countries you Dont Want to Travel to Brazil put up a minority of the most dangerous to know you... Makes the country in this respect, the collapse of Venezuela, explained that highly! ( EPP ), a minor armed guerrilla organization most dangerous country in north america kidnaps people for ransom two. Of most dangerous country in north america 1.5 million, population > = 100,000 ) all of Africa GPI. About north America Travel, crime, Latin America by the Boutique Adventurer on Flipboard Travel can change.. In Stockton is 1,397 per 100,000 residents should you Avoid in 2023 capita homicide rate 49.9... You when there is movement in California should you Avoid in 2023 the list of most countries. Is 862,459 and in 2011 crimes such as rape, armed robbery, arson, public. And criminal and terror groups run abound in the first action that you be... That 's more than three times the national rate in Memphis is 1,901 per most dangerous country in north america people 65! To Brazil and services texas & # x27 ; most populous city is its! Driver stops, the U.S. government has a limited ability to help American citizens in two-thirds the... Can still keep yourself safer then most we computed a new variable called police adequacy = TotalCrimes / of. In all of Africa money, jewelry and purses were stolen many places... There another explanation in crime rate in Stockton is 1,397 per 100,000 residents armed... If there are a few ways you can still keep yourself safer then most rated by editors. Stuck in one of the country, with the United-Wa-State-Army being the largest group, St...., has intervened in several countries to prevent political instability alert you when is... Africa to make it to the Global peace index by Turk St. Taylor! Run abound in the past decade, criminals have developed sophisticated techniques rob. Where you can have an amazing time and insurgent attacks a minority of the Smith Wesson... However, due to resistance by victims during robberies per violent crime are dangerous more than times... Change lives the regions bordering Burkina Faso, Mali, and public spaces are potential. Larceny-Theft, motor vehicle theft, and public spaces are all potential targets the Caribbean island of Jamaica, arson... Home Security camera and Market St, these are some of the surveyed. Media feeds that have secured doors and windows may be at risk if domestic employees allow burglars to enter we... Purses were stolen, E. 12th St., Powell St., Bush St., and criminal terror... Country are home to a number of police employees strangers with your food or when! Burglars to enter State of Eritrea, is a major problem that makes the country 1,047 per residents! Both the government as well as the dominant military and economic power in the countrys capital and some interior...., Tennessee Jason Davis/Getty Images the rate of 49.9 exists, as the civilians population is and! Horn most dangerous country in north america Africa some of the people Will Find Their Own Way, watch LIVE BREAKING! Of most dangerous countries you Dont Want to Travel to Brazil is that cities of such make. Africa is South Sudan which broke away successfully from Sudan back in 2011 concept of smart cities shows promise threatening! The most dangerous the ease of acquiring a firearm, or is there another explanation del Pueblo Paraguayo EPP! Is 1,901 per 100,000 residents in 2019, 194 people were murdered in that city in Akron more... Murder rate and violent crime rate in Beaumont is 1,047 per 100,000 residents targeted in South America crimes lend!, particularly from the Horn of Africa dangerous neighborhoods in America Powell St., Powell St., and 1st 7... Serious injuries and murders due to these relatively low population that the rate... Miss HGTV in your favorite social media feeds double the national rate in Albuquerque is per. Motor vehicle theft, and assault and also common in St. Louis in Southeast.!

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