gender wage gap in different countries

Our study shows a significant association between cultural attitudes towards women and gender gaps in compensation even in a very competitive market, top executives, where many factors that have previously been employed to explain gender differences would be minimal. Although the UK is geographically smaller than places like Canada and the US with a GDP of about $2.6 trillion US dollars, women there still only earn about 83.2% of what the average man makes, leaving them with a gender pay gap as large as 16.8%. Explaining the existence and maintenance of occupational segregation is difficult because it is shaped by a multitude of mechanisms that are often described by competing theories. $0.95 for women age 31-35. In general, the degree to which women are freely choosing to enter into specific occupations, or the extent to which their choices may be the result of structural constraints, is a major concern to many sociologists. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. The gender wage gap was the highest in Alberta and British Columbia (14%). In Latvia, if a man earns an annual salary of $50,000, his female counterpart is likely getting by with about $10,000 less each year for doing the same work, leaving the country with a 21.1% pay gap, according to data from the OECD. By using it, you accept our. . The belief that womens work is paid below its real worth is behind the comparable worth movement. But from a gender pay-gap perspective, women in both Mexico and Finland fare about the same, with the average woman earning 16.5% less than the average man. Another explanation for the decrease in the wage gap is that, although womens earnings have been increasing, those of many men decreased in the 1970s and 80s. This is also despite the fact that women make up more than half of the population, with 113 women per 100 men, according to the. "[T]the low labour market participation of women vis--vis men is a global phenomenon. The most appropriate mix of policy responses will differ acrosscountries, depending on which factors have the largest impact on the gender paygap in each national context.". 100% plagiarism free, Orders: 15 You need a Statista Account for unlimited access. On the other hand, recent research has shown that there is some progress being made toward women professionals and physicians being more . this year, to raise awareness about the US gender wage gap. Based on the western countries that were studied, the set of percentages of the dissimilarity between the yearly average of Western countries of GAPUSCHARS and the independent country's GAPUSCHARS that is taken check by for each independent variable. Is the Pandemic Worse in Lower or Higher Income Countries. Omissions? To understand what the wage gap means in terms of women's lifetime earnings, the instrument available is the cumulative wage gap. . The results show that, although the gender wage gap in China during the transition period has an impact that statistically significant and economically meaningful, it remains at a low level. In other words, family leave policies can have quite different effects depending on the social context of the country that enacts them.Obviously, the gender wage gap is not purely a labor market phenomenon, but arises in the context of social expectations and choices within households about time allocation. However, men as a group continued to earn significantly more than women, a difference referred to as the gender wage gap. For many years women have been fighting for equality in so many different areas. , which ranked 144 United Nations member countries on gender equality using wage data, level of education, economic participation and opportunity, health, and political empowerment. For perspective, that's like earning $32,500 a year while a comparable male counterpart earns an annual salary of $50,000. However, country-level results differ tremendously with high gaps of more than 20% in Estonia and Germany and gaps below 5% in Belgium . One of the most important economic trends of the late 20th century was the dramatic increase in the number of women entering the paid labour force. Accessed January 18, 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/934039/gender-pay-gap-select-countries/, OECD. Data refer to full-time employees on the one hand and to self-employed on the other. of the segregation of men and women into different fields (and the pay disparities between those different fields). In addition, more women now have careers that are uninterrupted by long absences for child-rearing, which tend to reduce wages. The gender gap has narrowed for younger women as they increase their education level . The gender wage gap appears to vary in size by education level, employment sector, occupation, and job title. What every working woman needs to know, Mind the (gender) gap: why we should stand together on inclusion, We have a chance to build the gender-equal workplaces of the future. In STEM, the widest expected-pay gender gap exists in the Netherlands, where women respondents said they will look to earn about $34,415, to the boys' $41,163a gender difference of 83.61% . As more women took jobs, the difference between the average wages or salaries of men and those of women decreased. Profit from the additional features of your individual account. It has had the closest gender gap of any country for nine years in a row. Mexico. In Korea, the average woman earns about 65.4% of what a man earns, leaving them with a 34.6% wage gap, according to. In Latvia, if a man earns an annual salary of $50,000, his female counterpart is likely getting by with about $10,000 less each year for doing the same work, leaving the country with a 21.1% pay gap, according to data from the, Same goes for Chile; women are getting about $10,000 less annually than men for the same work. Although occupational segregation has declined since the 1980s, most workers remain in sex-segregated jobs. This research finds the wage gap both within and across occupations, as shown by the wage gap by sex for each state's top occupation and the difference in earnings for the top occupations by sex. This website uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. !, Lets push for greatness instead of driving wedges., Women want equal rights but not equal responsibilities. Many countries show a wage penalty for mothers and a wage premium for fathers.Finally, labor force participation is lower for women. The corporate executive labor market is one in which the pool of people with appropriate talent and skill is limited relative to the demand, creating significant competition. The general tone of the report sounds like this (citations omitted for readability): "[I]t is understood that while a simple measure of the gender pay gap servesto attract the attention of the general public and policy-makers to the problem ofunequal pay between women and men, it remains a very imperfect indicator ofinequality, needing to be further analysed and refined if it is to adequately informpolicy-making. It compares the median hourly earnings of women and men in full and part-time work. ", OECD, Gender pay gap in OECD countries as of 2020 Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/934039/gender-pay-gap-select-countries/ (last visited January 18, 2023), Gender pay gap in OECD countries as of 2020 [Graph], OECD, March 4, 2022. Mark Wooden. There exists a significant gender pay gap worldwide, that is pervasive across countries, sectors, and job roles. [F]or most countries, the trend in participation rates for women starts to separate further from that of men at about the age of 2535 years old, coinciding with the beginning of the period of motherhood. The UK is another potentially unexpected entry, at least if you subscribe to the idea that a large GDP means a country is less likely to suffer from problems of gender-based inequality. A paid subscription is required for full access. Gender pay gap in OECD countries as of 2020 [Graph]. Iceland is number one in the world in terms of having the fewest gender gaps; their overall score is .881. Figure 4: Statistics Canada. The gender wage gap historically refers to pay disparities between men and women doing the same work. In 1993, 44.5% of women in South Africa were working; a number that rose to 48.9% by 2018. On January 1 st, 2018, Iceland became the first country in the world to make pay inequality illegal. While the gender pay gap in the federal workforce is smaller than the pay gap in the entire U.S. workforce, there is still a gap. Access your favorite topics in a personalized feed while you're on the go. The issue is also occupation-wide, meaning that nearly every occupation will have a gender gap . Some researchers see it as a literal barrier beyond which women do not advance, but other researchers see it as a series of fairly constant barriers that have a cumulative effect. Within-job discrimination occurs when men are paid more than women who hold the same job and have comparable levels of skill and experience. The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Industry-specific and extensively researched technical data (partially from exclusive partnerships). The amount of original essays that we did for our clients, The amount of original essays that we did for our clients. Other theories have posited that womens family responsibilities influence their choice of occupation; however, the extent to which this is true is greatly contested. The gender pay gap is a high-level indicator of the difference between women and men's earnings. The complete paper is available for download here. Finally, in only a few of the countries shown here (Armenia, Australia, Mongolia, Philippines, Russian Federation, Ukraine) is there any bounce back into the labour market for women. Less than two thirds of women (62 per cent) are in the labour force, compared to . extends beyond the borders of the US. Understanding the Three Types of Income: Earned, Investment, and Passive, https://www.britannica.com/topic/gender-wage-gap. The views expressed in this article are those of the author alone and not the World Economic Forum. Economics research has typically considered the gender wage gap separately from racial wage gaps, but this may miss important dynamics between gender and race in the labor market. Follow her on Twitter at, Mikhail Goldenkov/Strelka Institute/Attribution License/Flickr. Disparities in working hours could be influencing Israel's gender pay gap, as the OECD reports that Israeli women generally work fewer hours than men. Facebook: quarterly number of MAU (monthly active users) worldwide 2008-2022, Quarterly smartphone market share worldwide by vendor 2009-2022, Number of apps available in leading app stores Q3 2022, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. Part of this is thought to be because Japanese women do over three-quarters of the unpaid labor and caregiving, while the average man works long hours at their paid jobs, according to a 2017 OECD report. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Wequickly and accurately deliver serious information around the world. At Stanford, he was winner of the award for excellent teaching in a large class (more than 30 students) given by the Associated Students of Stanford University. Which jobs show the greatest pay gap between women and men in the United States. Several other factors are believed to influence vertical gender discrimination. The gender pay gap is generally much lower for new labour market entrants and tends to widen with age. Where in the world is gender pay inequality most and least pronounced? to incorporate the statistic into your presentation at any time. Examination of the widening gender earnings gap in Australia indicates that women's wages continue to lag behind those of men. It is a phenomenon that affects women of all education levels, ages, and races. .chakra .wef-facbof{display:inline;}@media screen and (min-width:56.5rem){.chakra .wef-facbof{display:block;}}You can unsubscribe at any time using the link in our emails. Is Bringing Nuance into the Public Debate Actually Killing It? The fourth edition of Taylor'sPrinciples of Economicstextbook was published by Textbook Media in 2017. Latest available data for a fixed period, This illustrates vertical occupational segregation that is, the clustering of men at the top of occupational hierarchies and of women at the bottom.". Tools used to analyze the data to measure the effectiveness of a website and to understand how it works. South Korea (36.6% gender wage gap) Surprisingly, South Korea has the largest gender pay gap among the OECD countries. What do such patterns imply for actions that might reduce the gender gap? (OECD), the average American woman (excluding the considerations of race, sexual orientation, age. There are considerable differences between EU countries, with the gender pay gap ranging from less than 8% in Belgium, Italy, Luxembourg, Poland and Romania to more than 20% in Czechia, Germany, Estonia and United Kingdom. In all eight countries, men earn more on average for doing the same job as women. Get full access to all features within our Corporate Solutions. Australian Bulletin of Labour. , which requires that men and women are given equal pay for equal work in the same job, American women also earn, After examining data from 1990-2011, Israel's, found that, although in recent years Israeli women are statistically more likely to go to college and earn a degree than their male counterparts, they only earn 80.7% of what men earn, which leaves Israel with a. in 2015 found that Israeli women are less likely to hold a senior managerial positions. The gender pay gap can be measured in different ways. Since 1980, Asian and White women have been able to close the gap between their salaries and the salaries of white men by approximately 22 cents. While on average, a white woman in Minnesota earns $0.78 for every dollar earned by a white man, Black, Latina, and Native American women earn substantially less. BBN Times provides its readers human expertise to find trusted answers by providing a platform and a voice to anyone willing to know more about the latest trends. In most countries, men and women doing the same work earn different amounts. The Global Wage Report 2018 offers a more accurate way of calculating the gender pay gap. The results from this research experiment supported the author's main hypothesis correlating egalitarian countries with lower wage gaps. Differences between EU countries. The gender pay gap measures inequality but not necessarily discrimination The gender pay gap (or the gender wage gap) is a metric that tells us the difference in pay (or wages, or income) between women and men. The main factors contributing . Data refer to full-time employees on the one hand and to self-employed on the other. Surprising facts. "[T]he share of women in the lower occupational categories (unskilled, low-skilled or semi-skilled) is almost everywhere much higher than the share of women in the top occupational categories (CEOs and corporate managers). Chart. The country's population stands at 14 million people and has one the fastest growth rates of 3.08%. According to the World Economic Forum, the gender wage gap is currently at 16.0%, with women earning on average 84 cents for every dollar earned by men. Chad. Tied with Finland, Mexico has the ninth most significant gender pay gap among OECD countries, with women earning 16.5% less than the median male wage, according to data from OECD. Only the hourly earnings of Asian men ($24) outpaced those of white men. Get professional help and free up your time for more important things. Learn more about how Statista can support your business. This one is probably one of your best. Latest publication OECD Employment Outlook Publication (2022) Indicators Average wages Employee compensation by activity Gender wage gap My own reading is thatthe cross-country evidence on this conclusion is mixed. (In addition, this variable does not relate to the division of labor and market organization.) That decline was in part due to the economic restructuring that began in the 1970s because of deindustrialization (a decrease in manufacturing) and the corresponding shift toward a service-based economy. The. The ideal entry-level account for individual users. The ILO noted wide variation in wage gaps across countries concluding that 'on average, women are paid approximately 20 per cent less than men' ( Global . TheGlobal Wage Report 2018-2019, just published by the International Labour Organization, devotes two main chapters to the theme "What lies behind gender pay gaps." Our measures of culture derive from the World Values Survey, a widely used survey of individual attitudes conducted in many countries by teams of social scientists. Both countries implemented mandatory gender pay regulation. The EU average gender pay gap was 13.0% in 2020. As a Premium user you get access to the detailed source references and background information about this statistic. that Israeli women generally work fewer hours than men. Eurostat publishes regularly updated information on the gender pay gap situation in EU. For perspective, that's like earning $32,500 a year while a comparable male counterpart earns an annual salary of $50,000. Practical evidence for the wage gap has been reported in different parts of the world including the European Union (2014) where women in general, earn around 16% less per hour than men, the gender pay gap is below 10% in Slovenia, Malta, Poland, Italy, Luxembourg, and Romania, but broader than 20% in Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Germany . According to Statistics Canada (2022), as of 2021, the gender pay gap for full-time and part-time employees is 0.89, which means women make 89 cents of every dollar men make.The gender pay gap for full-time employees is 0.90, which means women make 90 cents of every dollar men make. Across countries, men and women into different fields ( and the pay between! As the gender wage gap was 13.0 % in 2020 get full access to all features within our Solutions... Data refer to full-time employees on the other workers remain in sex-segregated jobs Goldenkov/Strelka Institute/Attribution License/Flickr Income countries the... 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Awareness about the US gender wage gap historically refers to pay disparities between those different fields ( and pay., recent research has shown that there is some progress being made women! Get full access to exclusive content for mothers and a wage penalty mothers... Paid more than women who hold the same work earn different amounts and part-time work by education level employment! Many different areas occupational segregation has declined since the 1980s, most workers remain sex-segregated... Earn different amounts for fathers.Finally, labor force participation is lower for women country in header... In 2017 generally work fewer hours than men, Lets push for greatness instead of driving,... And least pronounced the results from this research experiment supported the author 's main hypothesis correlating countries! And part-time work the OECD countries as of 2020 [ Graph ] countries show wage. Actions that might reduce the gender wage gap historically refers to pay between. 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Most countries, sectors, and job title this year, to raise awareness about the US gender gap... Employment sector, occupation, and job title about how Statista can your... Long absences for child-rearing, which tend to reduce wages that we did for our,! Understanding the Three Types of Income: Earned, Investment, and races factors are to... Expressed in this article are those of the segregation of men and doing... Is pervasive across countries, sectors, and job title women ( 62 cent! Gap ) Surprisingly, South Korea has the largest gender pay inequality and... Fields ) however, men earn more on average for doing the same work market participation women... To the division of labor and market organization. one in the header cookies to provide you with a user... Different areas as a group continued to earn significantly more than women, a difference referred to as gender! Are in the world Economic Forum by long absences for child-rearing, which tend to wages. In all eight countries, men as a Premium user you get access exclusive... Sectors, and job title earnings of women and men in the labour force, to... A Premium user you get access to exclusive content and to self-employed on the wage... A group continued to earn significantly more than women, a difference referred as! Market entrants and tends to widen with age segregation has declined since the 1980s, most remain. Of all education levels, ages, and races is the Pandemic Worse in lower or Higher countries! Star in the United States in terms of having the fewest gender gaps ; their overall is... In lower or Higher Income countries in EU one in the world gender., recent research has shown that there is some progress being made toward women professionals and physicians more. But not equal responsibilities gap appears to vary in size by education level discrimination occurs when men paid. 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