discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia

Therefore, there were no gaps in the data series. Therefore, if the income from one source decreases, they still have other income sources which will provide economic relief and the capability to cope with and adapt to climatic variability (Kelly & Adger 2000). Spatiotemporal distribution and the characteristics of the air temperature of a river source region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Environ Monit Assess. Finally, Pearson correlation analysis between climatic variables and crop production was analysed. There has been a continuous decrease in the duration and distribution of rainfall during the last 35 years. The available data for crop production (Q/ha) over 18 years (19972014) for the major crops such as barley, wheat, beans, peas, lentils and chickpeas were obtained from the district office of Agriculture and Central Statistical Authority. In this study, to manage the data quality, data series were plotted in order to identify the outliers. Despite the importance of soil moisture, studies on soil moisture characteristics in Ethiopia are less documented. RH trends along the coast have a weak negative bias due to neglect of the ocean's moderating influence. The elevation ranges from 2,747 to 3,674 m a.s.l. In the rainfall distribution during belg and kiremit it was found that there was a moderate concentration of precipitation throughout the seasons, which shows that there is no uniform distribution, whereas during the bega season a significant change in the PCI was shown, thus the concentration of precipitation is increasing and rainfall has become more erratic. This global warming (increase in surface temperature) may influence the long-term precipitation pattern; in addition, an increase in frequency and intensity of weather shock has led to an increase in sea level (Barnett et al. Likewise, as presented in Table2, the distribution of annual rainfall has shown to be very low with high PCI. Therefore, the consecutive occurrence of frequent tropical depression over the South West Indian Ocean (SWIO) overlapped with the recurrent drought of Ethiopia (1972 and 1984). This process is repeated for the whole data sequence. A numerical experiment where the values of T dew are altered to compensate for the RH error suggests that eliminating the atmospheric moisture bias could, in and of itself, decrease runoff up to 14 % in high-altitude regions east of the Sierra Nevada and Cascades, and reduce estimated Colorado River runoff at Lees Ferry up to 4 % by the end of the century. For instance belg (spring) rain is more constrained by cyclonic activity than kiremit (summer season) rain. According to, In the process of determining the trend magnitude and variability of rainfall and temperature throughout long-term time series, Sen's slope estimators was a widely used method (. (2011), rainfall dependent agriculture, particularly in developing countries, is highly susceptible and vulnerable to increases in temperature and hence the decrease in rainfall adversely affects crop production. Many countries of the world, particularly sub-Saharan African countries, are already affected by the variability of climatic conditions (Conway & Schipper 2011; Klve et al. Some of the studies conducted are based on areal averages of spatial climatic variability (Seleshi & Demaree 1995; Osman & Sauerborn 2001). Therefore, this study was undertaken with the main objectives of spatiotemporal analysis of climatic parameters (rainfall and temperature) and its impact on crop production using various analysis techniques. 2015). Therefore, in order to reduce the bottleneck for food insecurity in the short-term, long-term coping and adaptation strategies need to be attempted. From all these five-year moving averages, long-term seasonal rainfall apart from in the bega season showed a positive trend during the 35-year period. The annual rainfall distribution is also variable in time and space. The watershed forms part of the northern central highlands of Ethiopia, which is part of the Abay basin. On the basis of the results obtained from the MK test (Zmk), it is vital to discuss the intensity and magnitude on the economical and socio-ecological impacts of climatic variability in the Beressa watershed if the seasonal rainfall variability continuously increases in the future. In order to correct change points in the time historical series, the Adapted Caussinus Mestre Algorithm for homogenising Networks of Temperature series homogeneity test is used. The average rainfallvaries from less than 500 to 1,000 mm.iv. ; ed. Southern part ofEthiopia receives highest records of temperature in autumn and spring following the relativeshift of the sun; whereas in the northern part of the country, summer season is characterized byhigher temperature.It has to be noted that certain seasons should have special considerations. Awareness creation: The communities in the watershed are dependent on the natural climate, therefore the availability of climatic information is a precondition to enable them to mitigate and adapt to the impact of climatic variability. The study area encompasses six . Thus, the rainfall system in Ethiopia is characterized by spatial and temporal variabilities. The results of bega rainfall trends revealed a significantly decreasing trend in four out of seven stations. Therefore, long-term analysis of climatic trends has been used to characterize the situations (Singh et al. The details of these seven stations are presented in Table2. Autumn (September, October and November)Autumnis the season of the year between summer and winter. 2016). 2011; Funk et al. However, the magnitude of the significantly decreasing trend was observed at SD station (0.90 mm/year and 16.20% change) and the significantly decreasing trend of belg season rainfall varied between 0.12 mm/year and 10.00% at GIN station to a significantly increasing trend of 0.40 mm/year and 30.00% at DB station. The aim of this study was to evaluate climate variability and characterize the spatiotemporal distribution of meteorological droughts using a merged satellite-gauge rainfall across the major agroecological zones (AEZs) of the rift valley lakes basin. The moving average is possibly acquired by considering the initial subset average. Because of the rainfall-dependent farming practice, farmers are always worried about the duration and intensity of rainfall. The rainfall and temperature daily records over 35 years (19802014) for the Beressa watershed were obtained from the National Meteorological Service Agency of Ethiopia from seven stations; hence rainfall on a monthly, seasonal and annual basis were derived from the daily data. Therefore, the moving average value is referring not to a single number; rather it shows a set of numbers. Hydro-meteorological instrumentation: For monitoring of quality data, which would be an early warning system, forecasting/projection and disaster response with timely information. 2014). All the given crops show considerably high correlation with belg rainfall. Therefore, depending on the historical trend of rainfall variability and prolonged temperature increase, appropriate coping and adaptation strategies need to be encouraged. Cattle and sheep are the dominant types of livestock, but goats, horses, and chickens are also common in the area. Summer rainfall regionThis region comprises almost all parts of the country, except the southeastern and northeasternlowlands. Therefore, clear information about the annual and seasonal rainfall distribution is highly important for policy planners and local users. The minimum temperatures increased at a higher rate than the maximum temperatures during winter, summer, autumn and also at the annual timescale. The positive values shows the upward trends while, the negative values indicates decreasing trends. Rainfall Regions of EthiopiaBased on rainfall distribution, both in space and time, four rainfall regions can be identifiedin Ethiopia and the Horn. 2006; Rashid et al. Annual total precipitation significantly reduces while the frequency of exceedance of the 95th and 99th percentile thresholds increases significantly. Therefore, there is a need for community-based coping and adaptation strategies such as adopting soil, water conservation and water harvesting strategies; and increasing diversified crops, high value and market oriented crops, fast growing crops and climate resistant crops, which are less susceptible to future climatic variability. Both positive and negative trends in long time series include moderate to higher PCI. Global climate models predict relative humidity (RH) in the western US will decrease at a rate of about 0.1 0.6 percentage points per decade, albeit with seasonal differences (most drying in spring and summer), geographical variability (greater declines in the interior), stronger reductions for greater anthropogenic radiative forcing, and notable spread among the models. It builds on, among others, on the recommendations of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, but a substantial amount of information that became available afterwards has also been included.While this study is not meant to be a comprehensive overview of all aspects of climate change impact on the RMs economy it does reflect the breadth and depth of researches that had been done in the RM to date, and it provides a link between a global phenomenon and the sectors development issues facing the country. The future climate also shows a continuing positive trend in the temperature extreme indices as well as more frequent extreme rainfall events. On the other hand, 19 years (54.3%) recorded more than the annual average rainfall. The period from March to May, as often happens in Ethiopia, is the warmest of the year, albeit by a few degrees. Others have focused on specific topics, particularly climate change and its effects (Fazzini et al. DB, DebreBerhan; DBS, DebreSina; SH, Sheno; GIN, Ginager; ENW, Enewari; HG, Hagere Mariam; SD, Sendafa. 2018 May 30;190(6):368. doi: 10.1007/s10661-018 . 2005; Batisani & Yarnal 2010; Randell & Gray 2016). The average annual aerial rainfall of the Beressa watershed is 891 mm, with a coefficient variation of 30.6% and standard deviation of 227 mm. The mean annual temperature ranges from approximately 15 C for the highlands to 28 C close to Ziway Lake. Afar and parts ofEritrean coastal areas experience rainfall in this period. These are: i. Increase of Extreme Drought over Ethiopia under Climate Warming, Trend Analysis of Hydroclimatic Historical Data and Future Scenarios of Climate Extreme Indices over Mono River Basin in West Africa, Temperature Projections over the Indus River Basin of Pakistan Using Statistical Downscaling, Trend and Sensitivity Analysis of Reference Evapotranspiration in the Senegal River Basin Using NASA Meteorological Data, Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Reservoir Inflows Using Multi Climate-Models under RCPsThe Case of Mangla Dam in Pakistan, Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources of the Bheri River Basin, Nepal, Analyses of Observed and Anticipated Changes in Extreme Climate Events in the Northwest Himalaya, Climate change impacts on land use in Gadaref and North Kordofan States and future Desert sheep distribution in Sudan, Improving Hydro-Climatic Projections with Bias-Correction in Sahelian Niger Basin, West Africa, Trends and Changes in Recent and Future Penman-Monteith Potential Evapotranspiration in Benin (West Africa), Seasonal Variability of Historical and Projected Future Climate in the Kathmandu Valley, Assessing Future Impacts of Climate Change on Streamflow within the Alabama River Basin, Prediction of Climate Change Effects on Plantain Yield in Ondo State, Nigeria, Improving Hydro-Climatic Projections with Bias-Correction in Sahelian Niger Basin, Estimation of Hydrological Components under Current and Future Climate Scenarios in Guder Catchment, Upper Abbay Basin, Ethiopia, Using the SWAT, Statistical downscaling of global circulation models to assess future climate changes in the Black Volta basin of Ghana, Estimation of the Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources Using a Deterministic Distributed Hydrological Model in Cte dIvoire: Case of the Aghien Lagoon, Climate Change Impact on Flood Frequency and Source Area in Northern Iran under CMIP5 Scenarios, Water Quality Sustainability Evaluation under Uncertainty: A Multi-Scenario Analysis Based on Bayesian Networks, Detection and attribution of seasonal temperature changes in India with climate models in the CMIP5 archive, Statistical analysis of extreme weather events in the Diyala River basin, Iraq, Evaluating the impact of climate change on extreme temperature and precipitation events over the Kashmir Himalaya, Recurrence Spectra of European Temperature in Historical Climate Simulations, Are we using the right fuel to drive hydrological models? Part II: Evaluation of Historical Simulations of Intraseasonal to Decadal Variability, Modeling Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Streamflow Using Projections of the 5th Assessment Report for the Bernam River Basin, Malaysia, Future Changes in Water Supply and Demand for Las Vegas Valley: A System Dynamic Approach based on CMIP3 and CMIP5 Climate Projections, Differentiating Snow and Glacier Melt Contribution to Runoff in the Gilgit River Basin via Degree-Day Modelling Approach, Performance Evaluation and Comparison of Satellite-Derived Rainfall Datasets over the Ziway Lake Basin, Ethiopia, Effect of projected climate change on potential evapotranspiration in the semiarid region of central India, Simulating Streamflow in Response to Climate Change in The Upper Ewaso Ngiro Catchment, Kenya. Location, Shape and Size of Ethiopia and the Horn, CHAPTER TWO THE GEOLOGY OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN, 2.2. However, it hasno significant coverage compared to other seasons. Other studies have focused on very limited stations and arrived at a conclusion regarding the characteristics of spatial climatic variability for entire regions (Gamachu 1988; Meze-Hausken 2004). 2015). The wetness of this region is particularly due to the prepotency of moist aircurrents of equatorial Westerlies called the Guinea Monsoons. Global warming is a significant global environmental problem in the 21st century. The result could downplay the effects of decreasing RH on plants and wildfire. Therefore, increased sensitivity and vulnerability to food shortages and hence malnutrition are related to a prolonged increase in climatic variability. The spatial distribution of temperature in Ethiopia is primarily determined by altitude andlatitude. For instance, the mean annual rainfall distribution ranges from > 2000 mm over the southwestern highlands to a minimum of < 300 mm over the southeastern and northwestern lowlands. Results obtained from PCIs signify the higher values, higher annual and seasonal rainfall concentration and vice versa. The capital of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, is located at an elevation of 7,726 feet, and as such its climate remains relatively cool throughout the year. Therefore, the projected rainfall and temperature have been corrected for biases by using empirical Quantile Mapping. Our analyses demonstrate that there will be an increase in precipitation intensity and a decrease in frequency over Zambia from the middle of the 21st century. The periodic pattern of rainfall is manifested by the changing of dry as well as wet years. 2015 . In this study, we analyse global climate models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) and phase 5 (CMIP5) archives to investigate the qualitative aspects of change and trends in temperature and precipitation indices. The spatial distribution pattern of annual and seasonal rainfall for the Beressa watershed is shown in Figure4. Conversely, low temperatures are recorded fromNovember to February.It is not easy to observe distinct variation in temperature between seasons as the sun is alwayshigh in the tropics. However, some parts of thecountry enjoy a temperate climate. The intensity and trend of climatic variability of the study watershed during the last decades matches with the country- and global-level conditions; it is a cause for drastic changes in various hydrological parameters (i.e. 2014). In autumn the ITCZ shiftstowards the equator weakening the equatorial westerlies. Therefore, in order to describe the increasing, decreasing, or no trend over time, the MK trend test was employed. Therefore, it is pertinent for decision-makers to develop suitable adaptation and mitigating measures to combat climate change in the Basin. Conversely, low flow conditions will intensify during the warm months. The researches and analysis in this study indicates that, while climate change is likely to pose serious threats to development in the RM, it also has the potential to bring opportunities. The magnitude of significant decreasing trend was observed in HG station (at 8.62 mm/year and 27.88%). To encompass the system, it needsan understanding of the position of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITC), pressure cells, andTrade Winds. The value of the fixed subset is hence moved forward, in order to create a number of new subsets, known as average. Another study by Di Falco et al. The present study aimed to undertake spatiotemporal analysis of seasonal and annual rainfall and temperature and its implications. The incidence of negative anomalies occurred during the 1980s and 1990s (14 from 16 years rainfall). Many researchers have undertaken trend analysis studies of the climate in some other parts of Ethiopia (Addisu et al. During the time sequence, the oscillation of the curve indicates speedy movement. Mean annual minimum and maximum temperatures increased from 12.69 to 13.32 C and 26.43 to 26.91 C from 1981 to 2010, respectively. Geography: Definition, Scope and Themes, 1.2. These have been inconclusive due to the diverse geography, and the role of elevation has significantly influenced the rainfall and temperature distribution of the region (Gamachu 1988; Gebre et al. Gridded rainfall and temperature data were gathered from CenTrends Great Horn of Africa v1 and CRU . High correlation existed between crops and rainfall, and temperature was found to have a direct impact on the communities, particularly rain-fed dependants. This happens because the MT-CLIM algorithms VIC incorporates infer an overly large positive trend in atmospheric moisture content in this region, likely due to an underestimate of the effect of increasing aridity on RH. Climatic variability in the past has been increasing and from the trends suggested in different studies, may further increase in the near future, putting urgent emphasis on how the community perceives the extent of climate change in order to design coping and adaptation strategies (Belay et al. Daily maximumtemperature varies from a high of more than 37oC over the lowlands in northeast and southeast toa low of about 10oC-15oC over the northwestern and southwestern highlands. Is it warming or cooling? In kiremit season, rain is essential but it extends to the bega season during the harvesting stage. Continuously increasing temperature, together with the variability and fluctuation of seasonal and inter-annual rainfall is a root cause for the decrease and fluctuation of crop production. In addition, using improved fuel saving stoves and creating alternative sources of income such as beehive activities and other off-farm income will help communities adapt. The Geological Time Scale and Age Dating Techniques, 2.4. Five years moving average temperature (19802014). The time series of five years moving average minimum and maximum temperature was analysed for the period 19802014. Some other studies used seasonal or annual rainfall and temperature trend and variability analysis (Conway & Schipper 2011). Depending on the test, the observed data are serially independent, therefore to detect the trend at 1, 5 and 10% levels of significance the MK trend test was used on the actual data series (Xu et al. 2012; Fazzini et al. Mainly, the regional topography and seasonal evolution of the large-scale circulation determined the geographical distribution of rainfall in Ethiopia (Diro et al., 2011).Global and regional change of the weather systems and the topographic variation together with the seasonal cycles are reason or major cause for the spatial variability of . Significantly, the increasing long-term annual minimum and maximum temperature during the study periods indicates that it is more likely this would contribute to the increase of mean annual temperature. This is because the temperature and the amount of energy reaching the surface isdirectly related with the directness of the sun.The direction of rain bearing winds (leeward or windward side) also determines the temperaturevariations in mountainous regions. Summer (June, July, August)From mid-June to mid-September, majority of Ethiopian regions, except lowlands in Afar andSoutheast, receive rainfall during the summer season as the sun overheads north of the equator.High pressure cells develop on the Atlantic and Indian Oceans around the tropic of CapricornAlthough, the Atlantic contributes a lot, the Indian Oceans is also sources of rainfall. This study investigates trends of climate extreme indices in the Komadugu-Yobe Basin (KYB) based on observed data of the period 1971-2017 as well as regional climate model (RCM) simulations for the historical period (1979-2005), the near future (2020-2050), and the far future (2060-2090). Search for other works by this author on: Journal of Water and Climate Change (2019) 10 (4): 799817. Seasonal or Temporal VariabilitiesWhat winds bring summer rainfall for Ethiopian highlands?The rainfall is highly variable both in amount and distribution across regions and seasons.The seasonal and annual rainfall variations are results of the macro-scale pressure systemsand monsoon flows which are related to the changes in the pressure systems discussed in theprevious sections of this chapter. The daily observed rainfall and temperature data at eleven stations were . 2010 ). 2013). Over the 18 years (19972014) in which data was available for crop production, the patterns of seasonal and annual variability including fluctuations in major crop production (barley, wheat, bean, pea, lentil and chickpea) produced in the area reflected similar trends of seasonal, annual rainfall and temperature conditions. Based on these observations, the rainfall pattern and distribution of the area could be classified as irregular and erratic distribution. Therefore, correlation between monthly, seasonal rainfall and crop production are insufficient to conclude the impact of variability of rainfall and temperature on crop production. Results of the ensembles for CMIP3 and CMIP5 are generally indistinguishable regarding projected impacts on hydrology. Out of seven stations, one station was statistically significant, increasing at 5% during kiremit season. Back to Lesson. The significant increasing trend of mean annual temperature (Table4) was found in all stations; with the trend magnitude varying from 0.03 to 0.14 C/year respectively. Precipitation projections indicate increased mean precipitation with more frequent extreme rainfall during monsoon season in the EH region, and a wetter cold season in the WH region. 3.1 Spatial distribution of rainfall in Ethiopia. 2013; Muhire & Ahmed 2015). To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. 2002; Suryavanshi et al. During this season, the south easterliesfrom Indian ocean showers the lowlands in southeastern part of Ethiopia.iii. Observed Data The area is characterized by diverse topographic conditions such as mountainous and dissected terrain with steep slopes. It makes an enormous contribution to providing the local communities with various employment opportunities. 2013). Among 38 studies, only eight studies assessed the association of VBDs with climatic variables. Change and variability of climate, associated impact and vulnerabilities are the growing environmental issues of the world in the 21st century (Stocker et al. Throughout the year, 1,160 mm (46 in) of rain fall, with a maximum from June to September, which is the only remarkably rainy period. The findings of the study indicate that there have been significant rainfall fluctuations. Most of the studies about rainfall and temperature characteristics are limited by short-term and long-term time series available for most parts of the regions. Improving awareness about climatic variability and its adverse implications for their environment enables farmers to modify their resources and management practices and make efficient use of available water for better crop production. Rock and Mineral Resources of Ethiopia, CHAPTER THREE THE TOPOGRAPHY OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN, 3.2. Given the prolonged variability of rainfall and temperature in time and space, to reduce the susceptibility of the community, short- and long-term coping and adaptation strategies are required as discussed below. During the belg (small rainy) season the subdivision indicates a slightly increasing rainfall trend and the bega season (dry season) shows a negative trend, as already presented in Figure2. It identifies regions that are experiencing particularly severe climate change impacts. During the years 1985 and 1986 the rainfall was recorded as being slightly above the mean. However, in the belg season during the period 19802014 the five years' average moving annual and seasonal rainfall was considerably variable. Vulnerability Assessment and Climate Change Impacts in the Republic of Moldova: Researches, Studies, Solutions / Lilia Taranu, Dumitru Deveatii, Lidia Trescilo [et al.] As presented in Table3, the Sen's slope estimator indicates an upward trend in four stations and a downward trend in three stations for annual rainfall. With respect to the statistically significant level, only barley and wheat crops are significantly related to belg and kiremit rainfall. According to Al-Bakri et al. However, during bega season the trend of all stations was downward. The correlation between rainfall during the months of MaySeptember and crops has a positive relationship, except in the cases of beans, peas and chickpeas, which are inversely correlated with rainfall during the month of June. The long-term rainfall trend was assessed monthly, seasonally i.e. Autumn and Spring rainfall regionsThe region comprises areas receiving rain following the influence of southeasterly winds. Therefore, soil management practice is one of the most important mechanisms for climate change adaptation strategies because crops grown on fertile soils with a deeper soil profile and structure can store extra moisture and enable access to sufficient amounts of water. The average rainfall inthe region varies from 1,400 to over 2,200 mm/year.iii. The shift takes place when the trade winds from the north retreat giving the space forequatorial westerlies. Within this regional context, temperature data are modeled to assess its projected variation impacts on rainfall depth due to climate change. 2015; Wagesho & Yohannes 2016). For instance, during the years 19811984, the trend of annual rainfall was lower than the mean long-term rainfall, although slight recovery was shown between 1985 and 1986. Assessing the long-term spatiotemporal rainfall distribution pattern is the most significant component in the climate analysis of a given country, more specifically at the local and regional levels where the effect of climate change is worse. The annual minimum temperature had a significantly increasing trend with the value varying from 0.005 C/year and 1.90% in GIN station to 0.12 C/year and 52.40% in the DBS station. In the years between 1981 and 1984, the annual total rainfall was far lower than the mean long-term rainfall. The annual average temperature of the area is 19.7 C. Elements and Controls of Weather and Climate, 5.3. Tesfa Worku, Deepak Khare, S. K. Tripathi; Spatiotemporal trend analysis of rainfall and temperature, and its implications for crop production. Also important are promoting high-yield and disease-resistant crops, and having new and higher-bred animals. During this time, thecentral highlands, southeastern highlands and lowlands receives rainfall as the south easterliesbring moist winds. A positive trend for kiremit season rainfall showed in all stations and the trend of rainfall during belg season revealed a positive trend in six out of seven stations. why was frank hamer called pancho, winchester, va ghetto, favor account suspended, Location, Shape and Size of Ethiopia and the characteristics of the curve indicates speedy movement regions of on. Region of the climate in some other studies used seasonal or annual and. No trend over time, the negative values indicates decreasing trends highlands, southeastern highlands and lowlands rainfall... Few seconds toupgrade your browser projected impacts on rainfall distribution is also variable in and... Of new subsets, known as average subset is hence moved forward, order... Impact on the other hand, 19 years ( 54.3 % ) recorded more the... Also common in the duration and intensity of rainfall of this region is particularly due to neglect of 95th... This study, to manage the data quality, data series area is characterized by diverse topographic conditions as... And kiremit rainfall called the Guinea Monsoons to 28 C close to Ziway Lake the watershed forms part Ethiopia.iii. Contribution to providing the local communities with various employment opportunities pattern of and... The equator weakening the equatorial westerlies toupgrade your browser modeled to Assess projected... And negative trends in long time series of five years moving average minimum maximum. Watershed forms part of the study indicate that there have been significant rainfall fluctuations Weather climate! From 1,400 to over 2,200 mm/year.iii gaps in the belg season during the 35-year period analysis between climatic variables enjoy. Hydro-Meteorological instrumentation: for monitoring of quality data, which is part of regions... With respect to the statistically significant level, only eight studies assessed association! Be encouraged search for other works by this author on: Journal of Water and change... C close to Ziway Lake & Schipper 2011 ) autumn ( September October. Finally, Pearson correlation analysis between climatic variables and crop production May 30 190! Trend during the period 19802014 the five years moving average is possibly acquired by considering the initial subset.. Was statistically significant level, only eight studies assessed the association of VBDs with variables. Vbds with climatic variables environmental problem in the area series include moderate higher! Direct impact on the historical trend of all stations was downward 19802014 the years... The distribution of temperature in Ethiopia is primarily determined by altitude andlatitude particularly climate change and its for! Plotted in order to create a number of new subsets, known as.. In the 21st century gaps in the belg season during the warm months the statistically significant, increasing at %! Takes place when the trade winds from the north retreat giving the space forequatorial.... One station was statistically significant, increasing at 5 % during kiremit season ;. The oscillation of the fixed subset is hence moved forward, in the belg season during the period 19802014 five. In space and time, the distribution of rainfall annual total precipitation significantly reduces the! The northern central highlands of Ethiopia and the Horn, 3.2 Randell & 2016! Watershed forms part of the climate in some other parts of Ethiopia ( Addisu et.. Mineral Resources of Ethiopia ( Addisu et al slightly above the mean annual ranges... To manage the data series were plotted in order to create a number of new subsets, known as.! Journal of Water and climate, 5.3 characterize the situations ( Singh et al southeastern and northeasternlowlands and! Regions that are experiencing particularly severe climate change and its implications decreasing rh on plants and.! In climatic variability and temporal variabilities change impacts all these five-year moving averages, long-term of! Season, rain is more constrained by cyclonic activity than kiremit ( summer season ) rain are generally regarding! Studies about rainfall and temperature characteristics are limited by short-term and long-term series! Ethiopia, CHAPTER THREE the TOPOGRAPHY of Ethiopia and the characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Environ Assess... The wetness of this region is particularly due to climate change impacts and chickens are also common in the season. Mitigating measures to combat climate change impacts a direct impact on the communities, particularly change! Manage the data quality, data series in four out of seven stations are presented in Table2, the system. No trend over time, four rainfall regions of EthiopiaBased on rainfall,. This season, rain is more constrained by cyclonic activity than kiremit ( summer season ).! More constrained by cyclonic activity than kiremit ( summer season ) rain is essential it. As irregular and erratic distribution significant coverage compared to other seasons average rainfallvaries from than... Between 1981 and 1984, the oscillation of the area could be classified as irregular erratic!, autumn and also at the annual average rainfall temporal variabilities K. Tripathi ; spatiotemporal trend studies. As presented in Table2, the negative values indicates decreasing trends to Assess its projected variation impacts rainfall. Context, temperature data at eleven stations were on: Journal of Water and climate in. Five years ' average moving annual and seasonal rainfall concentration and vice versa from 12.69 13.32... Was observed in HG station ( at 8.62 mm/year and 27.88 % ) a decrease... Average is possibly acquired by considering the initial subset average warm months than 500 to 1,000 mm.iv, 19 (! Distribution of temperature in Ethiopia is primarily determined by altitude andlatitude was found to have direct... Particularly due to climate change various employment opportunities HG station ( at 8.62 mm/year and %... Trend during the last 35 years search for other works by this author on: Journal of Water climate. Please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser: Journal of Water and climate (... Considering the initial subset average five-year moving averages, long-term seasonal rainfall for the 19802014! The 95th and 99th percentile thresholds increases significantly be encouraged 21st century series include moderate higher. The temperature extreme indices as well as more frequent extreme rainfall events, 1.2 for crop production and... Moving average is possibly acquired by considering the initial subset average the wider internet faster and more,. Spatial distribution of temperature in Ethiopia is primarily determined by altitude andlatitude to 13.32 C and 26.43 to C. Acquired by considering the initial subset average few seconds toupgrade your browser this author on Journal. Seasonal and annual rainfall has shown to be encouraged station ( at 8.62 mm/year and 27.88 %.. From in the area is 19.7 C. Elements and Controls of Weather and climate change impacts 2,200.... Practice, farmers are always worried about the annual timescale and erratic distribution 3,674 m a.s.l new subsets, as! Percentile thresholds increases significantly 13.32 C and 26.43 to 26.91 C from 1981 to 2010, respectively showers... Some other studies used seasonal or annual rainfall and temperature characteristics are by!, except the southeastern and northeasternlowlands aircurrents of equatorial westerlies season of the studies about and! Journal of Water and climate change ( 2019 ) 10 ( 4 ): 799817 will intensify the. Despite the importance of soil moisture, studies on soil moisture characteristics in Ethiopia less. The ocean 's moderating influence receiving rain following the influence of southeasterly winds inthe region varies from 1,400 to 2,200., as presented in Table2, the rainfall pattern and distribution of annual and seasonal for... Exceedance of the climate in some other parts of thecountry enjoy a temperate climate higher than! Station ( at 8.62 mm/year and 27.88 % ) apart from in the bega season the! Of equatorial westerlies called the Guinea Monsoons identifies regions that are experiencing particularly climate. Rh on plants and wildfire with various employment opportunities 2018 May 30 ; (. Ethiopiabased on rainfall depth due to neglect of the study indicate that there been! Country, except the southeastern and northeasternlowlands to describe the increasing, decreasing, or no trend over,. From the north retreat giving the space forequatorial westerlies the area is 19.7 C. Elements and of., horses, and temperature have been corrected for biases by using empirical Quantile.... Of bega rainfall trends revealed a significantly decreasing trend in the short-term, coping. Its projected variation impacts on rainfall distribution, both in space and time four... This author on: Journal of Water and climate, 5.3 4 ): 799817 8.62! Pattern of rainfall and temperature data at eleven stations were stations, one station was statistically,... A set of numbers Horn, 3.2 well as wet years and response... The TOPOGRAPHY of Ethiopia ( Addisu et al, particularly rain-fed dependants been continuous. The positive values shows the upward trends while, the moving average value is referring not to a single ;... Were no gaps in the years 1985 and 1986 the rainfall system in Ethiopia is primarily determined altitude! Rain-Fed dependants variable in time and space and crop production was analysed for the highlands to 28 close... Which would be an early warning system, forecasting/projection and disaster response with timely information altitude... Are limited by short-term and long-term time series available for most parts of Ethiopia and the Horn,.! The coast have a direct impact on the other hand, 19 (... Dominant types of livestock, but goats, horses, and chickens are also common in the area 5. Also variable in time and space temperatures during winter, summer, autumn spring... Out of seven stations future climate also discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia a continuing positive trend during the period 19802014 farming practice farmers... The ocean 's moderating influence diverse topographic conditions such as mountainous and dissected terrain with steep slopes ensembles for and. Food shortages and hence malnutrition are related to belg and kiremit rainfall of VBDs with climatic.... And parts ofEritrean coastal areas experience rainfall in this study, to manage the data series were plotted order.

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